Democracy News

Madagascar Signs Political Deal; Pathway to Elections
September 19, 2011
By: Mark Hsen | Printer Friendly

On September 17, BBC News reported that the major political parties in Madagascar signed a deal to allow elections in order to establish democracy on the island.  As part of the deal, exiled former leader Marc Ravalomanana will be allowed to return to participate in the transition. However, several days later, administration officials still maintained that Ravalomanana would be arrested upon his return.

In 2009, Ravalomanana was overthrown by Andry Rajoelina, the country’s current president, in an army-backed coup.  International repercussions ensued, including suspensions from the African Union and the 15-member South African Development Community (SADC).  The European Union froze donor aid, which constitutes two-thirds of state revenue.   

The deal, brokered by SADC, allowed Rajoelina to remain in charge of the transitional authority until elections were held, scheduled for March 2012. The roadmap to democracy would allow the unconditional return of Ravalomanana.  However, according to Bloomberg News, the agreement contained an annex which indicates that SADC respects member states' sovereignty.  Justice Minister Christine Razanamahasoa has stated that "when he returns, he will be arrested."  In 2010, Ravalomanana was sentenced in absentia to life in prison for the killing of at least 25 people during street protests.

Reuters reported that Ravalomanana rejected Razanamahasoa's authority, claiming she is no longer legitimate.  He was reported as saying that "the illegal regime is out.  She can no longer claim to be the Minister of Justice."  Ravalomanana's delegation at the negotiations has demanded that his conviction be dismissed because the trial occurred in a criminal court rather than a High Court of Justice as required by the constitution.

Ravalomanana had previously stated that he intended to return to Madagascar despite arrest warrants.  In February 2011, the Associated Press quoted Ravalomanana as saying he understood the risks facing his return, but would not allow the government to block democracy.  According to Reuters, Rajoelina has accepted the deal because "it offered the only route to free and fair elections acceptable to both the Malagasy people and foreign donors."   

For previous news on Madagascar, please see:
Ousted President Marc Ravalomanana Poised to Return to Madagascar

Sources:
BBC News – Madagascar leaders sign deal for elections

Bloomberg News – Madagascar Vows to Arrest Exiled Former President Ravalomanana

Reuters – Update: Madagascar says will arrest former leader if he returns

BBC News – Madagascar: Ousted leader Marc Ravalomanana 'to return'