Third Wave
The Third Wave: New Democracies in the 1990s and Beyond

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the demise of the Soviet Union new democracies have emerged not only in Eastern and Central Europe but also in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Just as the First and Second Waves of democracy that swept the world following the American and French revolutions and the democratization and decolonization of the post-World War II period, this Third Wave poses profound questions. Will the new democracies consolidate their democratic gains? Will democracy continue to spread to countries not yet transformed? Or will the tide of democratic change recede, reversing the results of the Third Wave?

• Carothers, Thomas: The Learning Curve, Xioabo Li, ed., Promise and Problems of Old and New Democracies, (New York: Academy of Political Science, 2000).
• Diamond, Larry: Winning the New Cold War on Terrorism: The Democratic-Governance Imperative ( IGD Policy Paper, 2002)
• Diamond, Larry, Linz, J. Juan and Lipset, Seymour Martin eds.: Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy, 2nd edition, (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995).
• Diamond, Larry and Marc F. Plattner, eds.: The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
• Diamond, Larry, Plattner, Marc F., Chu, Yun-han, and Tien, Hung-mao, eds.: Consolidating the Third-Wave Democracies: Themes and Perspectives (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997).
• Grey, Robert D.: Democratic Theory and Post-Communist Change, (Prentice-Hall, 1997).
• Hadenius, Alex ed.: Democracy’s Victory and Crisis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
• Huntington, Samuel P.: The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
• Plattner, F. Marc and Diamond, Larry eds.: Journal of Democracy, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
• Putnam, Robert: Making Democracy Work.
• Rose, Richard, Mishler, William and Haerpfer, Christian: Democracy and Its Alternatives: Understanding Postcommunist Societies (Oxford: Polity Press, 1998).
• Schedler, Andreas, Diamond, Larry and Plattner, F. Marc eds.: The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies, (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999).
• Sorensen, George: Democracy and Democratization: Processes and Prospects in a Changing World, (Westview, 1998).
• The Fourth International Conference Of The New Or Restored Democracies, Cotonou, Benin, 4-6 December 2000
    A. Cotonou Declaration
    B. Cotonou Final Report
• Larry Diamond, Secretary’s Open Forum, U.S. Department of State, 21 September,
  2001, “Promoting Democracy While Fighting Terror” Washington D.C.
• How to Help Ukraine Vote Mar 8, 04
• Democracy Is Homegrown, Not a Western Import, Says U.S. Official